API extensions

The changes below were introduced to the LXD API after the 1.0 API was finalized.

They are all backward compatible and can be detected by client tools by looking at the api_extensions field in GET /1.0.

storage_zfs_remove_snapshots

A zfs.remove_snapshots daemon configuration key was introduced.

It’s a Boolean that defaults to false and that when set to true instructs LXD to remove any needed snapshot when attempting to restore another.

This is needed as ZFS will only let you restore the latest snapshot.

container_host_shutdown_timeout

A boot.host_shutdown_timeout container configuration key was introduced.

It’s an integer which indicates how long LXD should wait for the container to stop before killing it.

Its value is only used on clean LXD daemon shutdown. It defaults to 30s.

container_stop_priority

A boot.stop.priority container configuration key was introduced.

It’s an integer which indicates the priority of a container during shutdown.

Containers will shutdown starting with the highest priority level.

Containers with the same priority will shutdown in parallel. It defaults to 0.

container_syscall_filtering

A number of new syscalls related container configuration keys were introduced.

• security.syscalls.deny_default

• security.syscalls.deny_compat

• security.syscalls.deny

• security.syscalls.allow

See Instance configuration for how to use them.

Note

Initially, those configuration keys were (accidentally) introduced with offensive names. They have since been renamed (container_syscall_filtering_allow_deny_syntax), and the old names are no longer accepted.

auth_pki

This indicates support for PKI authentication mode.

In this mode, the client and server both must use certificates issued by the same PKI.

See About security for details.

container_last_used_at

A last_used_at field was added to the GET /1.0/containers/<name> endpoint.

It is a timestamp of the last time the container was started.

If a container has been created but not started yet, last_used_at field will be 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z

etag

Add support for the ETag header on all relevant endpoints.

This adds the following HTTP header on answers to GET:

• ETag (SHA-256 of user modifiable content)

And adds support for the following HTTP header on PUT requests:

• If-Match (ETag value retrieved through previous GET)

This makes it possible to GET a LXD object, modify it and PUT it without risking to hit a race condition where LXD or another client modified the object in the meantime.

patch

Add support for the HTTP PATCH method.

PATCH allows for partial update of an object in place of PUT.

usb_devices

Add support for USB hotplug.

https_allowed_credentials

To use LXD API with all Web Browsers (via SPAs) you must send credentials (certificate) with each XHR (in order for this to happen, you should set withCredentials=true flag to each XHR Request).

Some browsers like Firefox and Safari can’t accept server response without Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true header. To ensure that the server will return a response with that header, set core.https_allowed_credentials to true.

image_compression_algorithm

This adds support for a compression_algorithm property when creating an image (POST /1.0/images).

Setting this property overrides the server default value (images.compression_algorithm).

directory_manipulation

This allows for creating and listing directories via the LXD API, and exports the file type via the X-LXD-type header, which can be either file or directory right now.

container_cpu_time

This adds support for retrieving CPU time for a running container.

storage_zfs_use_refquota

Introduces a new server property zfs.use_refquota which instructs LXD to set the refquota property instead of quota when setting a size limit on a container. LXD will also then use usedbydataset in place of used when being queried about disk utilization.

This effectively controls whether disk usage by snapshots should be considered as part of the container’s disk space usage.

storage_lvm_mount_options

Adds a new storage.lvm_mount_options daemon configuration option which defaults to discard and allows the user to set addition mount options for the file system used by the LVM LV.

network

Network management API for LXD.

This includes:

• Addition of the managed property on /1.0/networks entries

• All the network configuration options (see Network configuration for details)

• POST /1.0/networks (see RESTful API for details)

• PUT /1.0/networks/<entry> (see RESTful API for details)

• PATCH /1.0/networks/<entry> (see RESTful API for details)

• DELETE /1.0/networks/<entry> (see RESTful API for details)

• ipv4.address property on nic type devices (when nictype is bridged)

• ipv6.address property on nic type devices (when nictype is bridged)

• security.mac_filtering property on nic type devices (when nictype is bridged)

profile_usedby

Adds a new used_by field to profile entries listing the containers that are using it.

container_push

When a container is created in push mode, the client serves as a proxy between the source and target server. This is useful in cases where the target server is behind a NAT or firewall and cannot directly communicate with the source server and operate in pull mode.

container_exec_recording

Introduces a new Boolean record-output, parameter to /1.0/containers/<name>/exec which when set to true and combined with with wait-for-websocket set to false, will record stdout and stderr to disk and make them available through the logs interface.

The URL to the recorded output is included in the operation metadata once the command is done running.

That output will expire similarly to other log files, typically after 48 hours.

certificate_update

Adds the following to the REST API:

• ETag header on GET of a certificate

• PUT of certificate entries

• PATCH of certificate entries

container_exec_signal_handling

Adds support /1.0/containers/<name>/exec for forwarding signals sent to the client to the processes executing in the container. Currently SIGTERM and SIGHUP are forwarded. Further signals that can be forwarded might be added later.

gpu_devices

Enables adding GPUs to a container.

container_image_properties

Introduces a new image configuration key space. Read-only, includes the properties of the parent image.

migration_progress

Transfer progress is now exported as part of the operation, on both sending and receiving ends. This shows up as a fs_progress attribute in the operation metadata.

id_map

Enables setting the security.idmap.isolated, security.idmap.size, and raw.idmap fields.

network_firewall_filtering

Add two new keys, ipv4.firewall and ipv6.firewall which if set to false will turn off the generation of iptables FORWARDING rules. NAT rules will still be added so long as the matching ipv4.nat or ipv6.nat key is set to true.

Rules necessary for dnsmasq to work (DHCP/DNS) will always be applied if dnsmasq is enabled on the bridge.

network_routes

Introduces ipv4.routes and ipv6.routes which allow routing additional subnets to a LXD bridge.

storage

Storage management API for LXD.

This includes:

• GET /1.0/storage-pools

• POST /1.0/storage-pools (see RESTful API for details)

• GET /1.0/storage-pools/<name> (see RESTful API for details)

• POST /1.0/storage-pools/<name> (see RESTful API for details)

• PUT /1.0/storage-pools/<name> (see RESTful API for details)

• PATCH /1.0/storage-pools/<name> (see RESTful API for details)

• DELETE /1.0/storage-pools/<name> (see RESTful API for details)

• GET /1.0/storage-pools/<name>/volumes (see RESTful API for details)

• GET /1.0/storage-pools/<name>/volumes/<volume_type> (see RESTful API for details)

• POST /1.0/storage-pools/<name>/volumes/<volume_type> (see RESTful API for details)

• GET /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<volume_type>/<name> (see RESTful API for details)

• POST /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<volume_type>/<name> (see RESTful API for details)

• PUT /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<volume_type>/<name> (see RESTful API for details)

• PATCH /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<volume_type>/<name> (see RESTful API for details)

• DELETE /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<volume_type>/<name> (see RESTful API for details)

• All storage configuration options (see Storage configuration for details)

file_delete

Implements DELETE in /1.0/containers/<name>/files

file_append

Implements the X-LXD-write header which can be one of overwrite or append.

network_dhcp_expiry

Introduces ipv4.dhcp.expiry and ipv6.dhcp.expiry allowing to set the DHCP lease expiry time.

storage_lvm_vg_rename

Introduces the ability to rename a volume group by setting lvm.vg_name.

storage_lvm_thinpool_rename

Introduces the ability to rename a thin pool name by setting lvm.thinpool_name.

network_vlan

This adds a new vlan property to macvlan network devices.

When set, this will instruct LXD to attach to the specified VLAN. LXD will look for an existing interface for that VLAN on the host. If one can’t be found it will create one itself and then use that as the macvlan parent.

image_create_aliases

Adds a new aliases field to POST /1.0/images allowing for aliases to be set at image creation/import time.

container_stateless_copy

This introduces a new live attribute in POST /1.0/containers/<name>. Setting it to false tells LXD not to attempt running state transfer.

container_only_migration

Introduces a new Boolean container_only attribute. When set to true only the container will be copied or moved.

storage_zfs_clone_copy

Introduces a new Boolean zfs.clone_copy property for ZFS storage pools. When set to false copying a container will be done through zfs send and receive. This will make the target container independent of its source container thus avoiding the need to keep dependent snapshots in the ZFS pool around. However, this also entails less efficient storage usage for the affected pool. The default value for this property is true, i.e. space-efficient snapshots will be used unless explicitly set to false.

unix_device_rename

Introduces the ability to rename the unix-block/unix-char device inside container by setting path, and the source attribute is added to specify the device on host. If source is set without a path, we should assume that path will be the same as source. If path is set without source and major/minor isn’t set, we should assume that source will be the same as path. So at least one of them must be set.

storage_rsync_bwlimit

When rsync has to be invoked to transfer storage entities setting rsync.bwlimit places an upper limit on the amount of socket I/O allowed.

network_vxlan_interface

This introduces a new tunnel.NAME.interface option for networks.

This key control what host network interface is used for a VXLAN tunnel.

storage_btrfs_mount_options

This introduces the btrfs.mount_options property for Btrfs storage pools.

This key controls what mount options will be used for the Btrfs storage pool.

entity_description

This adds descriptions to entities like containers, snapshots, networks, storage pools and volumes.

image_force_refresh

This allows forcing a refresh for an existing image.

storage_lvm_lv_resizing

This introduces the ability to resize logical volumes by setting the size property in the containers root disk device.

id_map_base

This introduces a new security.idmap.base allowing the user to skip the map auto-selection process for isolated containers and specify what host UID/GID to use as the base.

file_symlinks

This adds support for transferring symlinks through the file API. X-LXD-type can now be symlink with the request content being the target path.

container_push_target

This adds the target field to POST /1.0/containers/<name> which can be used to have the source LXD host connect to the target during migration.

network_vlan_physical

Allows use of vlan property with physical network devices.

When set, this will instruct LXD to attach to the specified VLAN on the parent interface. LXD will look for an existing interface for that parent and VLAN on the host. If one can’t be found it will create one itself. Then, LXD will directly attach this interface to the container.

storage_images_delete

This enabled the storage API to delete storage volumes for images from a specific storage pool.

container_edit_metadata

This adds support for editing a container metadata.yaml and related templates via API, by accessing URLs under /1.0/containers/<name>/metadata. It can be used to edit a container before publishing an image from it.

container_snapshot_stateful_migration

This enables migrating stateful container snapshots to new containers.

storage_driver_ceph

This adds a Ceph storage driver.

storage_ceph_user_name

This adds the ability to specify the Ceph user.

instance_types

This adds the instance_type field to the container creation request. Its value is expanded to LXD resource limits.

storage_volatile_initial_source

This records the actual source passed to LXD during storage pool creation.

storage_ceph_force_osd_reuse

This introduces the ceph.osd.force_reuse property for the Ceph storage driver. When set to true LXD will reuse an OSD storage pool that is already in use by another LXD instance.

storage_block_filesystem_btrfs

This adds support for Btrfs as a storage volume file system, in addition to ext4 and xfs.

resources

This adds support for querying a LXD daemon for the system resources it has available.

kernel_limits

This adds support for setting process limits such as maximum number of open files for the container via nofile. The format is limits.kernel.[limit name].

storage_api_volume_rename

This adds support for renaming custom storage volumes.

network_sriov

This adds support for SR-IOV enabled network devices.

console

This adds support to interact with the container console device and console log.

restrict_devlxd

A new security.devlxd container configuration key was introduced. The key controls whether the /dev/lxd interface is made available to the instance. If set to false, this effectively prevents the container from interacting with the LXD daemon.

migration_pre_copy

This adds support for optimized memory transfer during live migration.

infiniband

This adds support to use InfiniBand network devices.

maas_network

This adds support for MAAS network integration.

When configured at the daemon level, it’s then possible to attach a nic device to a particular MAAS subnet.

devlxd_events

This adds a WebSocket API to the devlxd socket.

When connecting to /1.0/events over the devlxd socket, you will now be getting a stream of events over WebSocket.

proxy

This adds a new proxy device type to containers, allowing forwarding of connections between the host and container.

network_dhcp_gateway

Introduces a new ipv4.dhcp.gateway network configuration key to set an alternate gateway.

file_get_symlink

This makes it possible to retrieve symlinks using the file API.

network_leases

Adds a new /1.0/networks/NAME/leases API endpoint to query the lease database on bridges which run a LXD-managed DHCP server.

unix_device_hotplug

This adds support for the required property for Unix devices.

storage_api_local_volume_handling

This add the ability to copy and move custom storage volumes locally in the same and between storage pools.

operation_description

Adds a description field to all operations.

clustering

Clustering API for LXD.

This includes the following new endpoints (see RESTful API for details):

• GET /1.0/cluster

• UPDATE /1.0/cluster

• GET /1.0/cluster/members

• GET /1.0/cluster/members/<name>

• POST /1.0/cluster/members/<name>

• DELETE /1.0/cluster/members/<name>

The following existing endpoints have been modified:

• POST /1.0/containers accepts a new target query parameter

• POST /1.0/storage-pools accepts a new target query parameter

• GET /1.0/storage-pool/<name> accepts a new target query parameter

• POST /1.0/storage-pool/<pool>/volumes/<type> accepts a new target query parameter

• GET /1.0/storage-pool/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<name> accepts a new target query parameter

• POST /1.0/storage-pool/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<name> accepts a new target query parameter

• PUT /1.0/storage-pool/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<name> accepts a new target query parameter

• PATCH /1.0/storage-pool/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<name> accepts a new target query parameter

• DELETE /1.0/storage-pool/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<name> accepts a new target query parameter

• POST /1.0/networks accepts a new target query parameter

• GET /1.0/networks/<name> accepts a new target query parameter

event_lifecycle

This adds a new lifecycle message type to the events API.

storage_api_remote_volume_handling

This adds the ability to copy and move custom storage volumes between remote.

nvidia_runtime

Adds a nvidia.runtime configuration option for containers, setting this to true will have the NVIDIA runtime and CUDA libraries passed to the container.

container_mount_propagation

This adds a new propagation option to the disk device type, allowing the configuration of kernel mount propagation.

container_backup

Add container backup support.

This includes the following new endpoints (see RESTful API for details):

• GET /1.0/containers/<name>/backups

• POST /1.0/containers/<name>/backups

• GET /1.0/containers/<name>/backups/<name>

• POST /1.0/containers/<name>/backups/<name>

• DELETE /1.0/containers/<name>/backups/<name>

• GET /1.0/containers/<name>/backups/<name>/export

The following existing endpoint has been modified:

• POST /1.0/containers accepts the new source type backup

devlxd_images

Adds a security.devlxd.images configuration option for containers which controls the availability of a /1.0/images/FINGERPRINT/export API over devlxd. This can be used by a container running nested LXD to access raw images from the host.

container_local_cross_pool_handling

This enables copying or moving containers between storage pools on the same LXD instance.

proxy_unix

Add support for both Unix sockets and abstract Unix sockets in proxy devices. They can be used by specifying the address as unix:/path/to/unix.sock (normal socket) or unix:@/tmp/unix.sock (abstract socket).

Supported connections are now:

• TCP <-> TCP

• UNIX <-> UNIX

• TCP <-> UNIX

• UNIX <-> TCP

proxy_udp

Add support for UDP in proxy devices.

Supported connections are now:

• TCP <-> TCP

• UNIX <-> UNIX

• TCP <-> UNIX

• UNIX <-> TCP

• UDP <-> UDP

• TCP <-> UDP

• UNIX <-> UDP

clustering_join

This makes GET /1.0/cluster return information about which storage pools and networks are required to be created by joining nodes and which node-specific configuration keys they are required to use when creating them. Likewise the PUT /1.0/cluster endpoint now accepts the same format to pass information about storage pools and networks to be automatically created before attempting to join a cluster.

proxy_tcp_udp_multi_port_handling

Adds support for forwarding traffic for multiple ports. Forwarding is allowed between a range of ports if the port range is equal for source and target (for example 1.2.3.4 0-1000 -> 5.6.7.8 1000-2000) and between a range of source ports and a single target port (for example 1.2.3.4 0-1000 -> 5.6.7.8 1000).

network_state

Adds support for retrieving a network’s state.

This adds the following new endpoint (see RESTful API for details):

• GET /1.0/networks/<name>/state

proxy_unix_dac_properties

This adds support for GID, UID, and mode properties for non-abstract Unix sockets.

container_protection_delete

Enables setting the security.protection.delete field which prevents containers from being deleted if set to true. Snapshots are not affected by this setting.

proxy_priv_drop

Adds security.uid and security.gid for the proxy devices, allowing privilege dropping and effectively changing the UID/GID used for connections to Unix sockets too.

pprof_http

This adds a new core.debug_address configuration option to start a debugging HTTP server.

That server currently includes a pprof API and replaces the old cpu-profile, memory-profile and print-goroutines debug options.

proxy_haproxy_protocol

Adds a proxy_protocol key to the proxy device which controls the use of the HAProxy PROXY protocol header.

network_hwaddr

Adds a bridge.hwaddr key to control the MAC address of the bridge.

proxy_nat

This adds optimized UDP/TCP proxying. If the configuration allows, proxying will be done via iptables instead of proxy devices.

network_nat_order

This introduces the ipv4.nat.order and ipv6.nat.order configuration keys for LXD bridges. Those keys control whether to put the LXD rules before or after any pre-existing rules in the chain.

container_full

This introduces a new recursion=2 mode for GET /1.0/containers which allows for the retrieval of all container structs, including the state, snapshots and backup structs.

This effectively allows for lxc list to get all it needs in one query.

backup_compression

This introduces a new backups.compression_algorithm configuration key which allows configuration of backup compression.

nvidia_runtime_config

This introduces a few extra configuration keys when using nvidia.runtime and the libnvidia-container library. Those keys translate pretty much directly to the matching NVIDIA container environment variables:

• nvidia.driver.capabilities => NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES

• nvidia.require.cuda => NVIDIA_REQUIRE_CUDA

• nvidia.require.driver => NVIDIA_REQUIRE_DRIVER

storage_api_volume_snapshots

Add support for storage volume snapshots. They work like container snapshots, only for volumes.

This adds the following new endpoint (see RESTful API for details):

• GET /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<name>/snapshots

• POST /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<name>/snapshots

• GET /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<volume>/snapshots/<name>

• PUT /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<volume>/snapshots/<name>

• POST /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<volume>/snapshots/<name>

• DELETE /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/volumes/<type>/<volume>/snapshots/<name>

storage_unmapped

Introduces a new security.unmapped Boolean on storage volumes.

Setting it to true will flush the current map on the volume and prevent any further idmap tracking and remapping on the volume.

This can be used to share data between isolated containers after attaching it to the container which requires write access.

projects

Add a new project API, supporting creation, update and deletion of projects.

Projects can hold containers, profiles or images at this point and let you get a separate view of your LXD resources by switching to it.

network_vxlan_ttl

This adds a new tunnel.NAME.ttl network configuration option which makes it possible to raise the TTL on VXLAN tunnels.

container_incremental_copy

This adds support for incremental container copy. When copying a container using the --refresh flag, only the missing or outdated files will be copied over. Should the target container not exist yet, a normal copy operation is performed.

usb_optional_vendorid

As the name implies, the vendorid field on USB devices attached to containers has now been made optional, allowing for all USB devices to be passed to a container (similar to what’s done for GPUs).

snapshot_scheduling

This adds support for snapshot scheduling. It introduces three new configuration keys: snapshots.schedule, snapshots.schedule.stopped, and snapshots.pattern. Snapshots can be created automatically up to every minute.

snapshots_schedule_aliases

Snapshot schedule can be configured by a comma-separated list of schedule aliases. Available aliases are <@hourly> <@daily> <@midnight> <@weekly> <@monthly> <@annually> <@yearly> <@startup> for instances, and <@hourly> <@daily> <@midnight> <@weekly> <@monthly> <@annually> <@yearly> for storage volumes.

container_copy_project

Introduces a project field to the container source JSON object, allowing for copy/move of containers between projects.

clustering_server_address

This adds support for configuring a server network address which differs from the REST API client network address. When bootstrapping a new cluster, clients can set the new cluster.https_address configuration key to specify the address of the initial server. When joining a new server, clients can set the core.https_address configuration key of the joining server to the REST API address the joining server should listen at, and set the server_address key in the PUT /1.0/cluster API to the address the joining server should use for clustering traffic (the value of server_address will be automatically copied to the cluster.https_address configuration key of the joining server).

clustering_image_replication

Enable image replication across the nodes in the cluster. A new cluster.images_minimal_replica configuration key was introduced can be used to specify to the minimal numbers of nodes for image replication.

container_protection_shift

Enables setting the security.protection.shift option which prevents containers from having their file system shifted.

snapshot_expiry

This adds support for snapshot expiration. The task is run minutely. The configuration option snapshots.expiry takes an expression in the form of 1M 2H 3d 4w 5m 6y (1 minute, 2 hours, 3 days, 4 weeks, 5 months, 6 years), however not all parts have to be used.

Snapshots which are then created will be given an expiry date based on the expression. This expiry date, defined by expires_at, can be manually edited using the API or lxc config edit. Snapshots with a valid expiry date will be removed when the task in run. Expiry can be disabled by setting expires_at to an empty string or 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z (zero time). This is the default if snapshots.expiry is not set.

This adds the following new endpoint (see RESTful API for details):

• PUT /1.0/containers/<name>/snapshots/<name>

snapshot_expiry_creation

Adds expires_at to container creation, allowing for override of a snapshot’s expiry at creation time.

network_leases_location

Introduces a Location field in the leases list. This is used when querying a cluster to show what node a particular lease was found on.

resources_cpu_socket

Add Socket field to CPU resources in case we get out of order socket information.

resources_gpu

Add a new GPU struct to the server resources, listing all usable GPUs on the system.

resources_numa

Shows the NUMA node for all CPUs and GPUs.

kernel_features

Exposes the state of optional kernel features through the server environment.

id_map_current

This introduces a new internal volatile.idmap.current key which is used to track the current mapping for the container.

This effectively gives us:

• volatile.last_state.idmap => On-disk idmap

• volatile.idmap.current => Current kernel map

• volatile.idmap.next => Next on-disk idmap

This is required to implement environments where the on-disk map isn’t changed but the kernel map is (e.g. idmapped mounts).

event_location

Expose the location of the generation of API events.

storage_api_remote_volume_snapshots

This allows migrating storage volumes including their snapshots.

network_nat_address

This introduces the ipv4.nat.address and ipv6.nat.address configuration keys for LXD bridges. Those keys control the source address used for outbound traffic from the bridge.

container_nic_routes

This introduces the ipv4.routes and ipv6.routes properties on nic type devices. This allows adding static routes on host to container’s NIC.

cluster_internal_copy

This makes it possible to do a normal POST /1.0/containers to copy a container between cluster nodes with LXD internally detecting whether a migration is required.

seccomp_notify

If the kernel supports seccomp-based syscall interception LXD can be notified by a container that a registered syscall has been performed. LXD can then decide to trigger various actions.

lxc_features

This introduces the lxc_features section output from the lxc info command via the GET /1.0 route. It outputs the result of checks for key features being present in the underlying LXC library.

container_nic_ipvlan

This introduces the ipvlan nic device type.

network_vlan_sriov

This introduces VLAN (vlan) and MAC filtering (security.mac_filtering) support for SR-IOV devices.

storage_cephfs

Add support for CephFS as a storage pool driver. This can only be used for custom volumes, images and containers should be on Ceph (RBD) instead.

container_nic_ipfilter

This introduces container IP filtering (security.ipv4_filtering and security.ipv6_filtering) support for bridged NIC devices.

resources_v2

Rework the resources API at /1.0/resources, especially:

• CPU

  • Fix reporting to track sockets, cores and threads

  • Track NUMA node per core

  • Track base and turbo frequency per socket

  • Track current frequency per core

  • Add CPU cache information

  • Export the CPU architecture

  • Show online/offline status of threads

• Memory

  • Add huge-pages tracking

  • Track memory consumption per NUMA node too

• GPU

  • Split DRM information to separate struct

  • Export device names and nodes in DRM struct

  • Export device name and node in NVIDIA struct

  • Add SR-IOV VF tracking

container_exec_user_group_cwd

Adds support for specifying User, Group and Cwd during POST /1.0/containers/NAME/exec.

container_syscall_intercept

Adds the security.syscalls.intercept.* configuration keys to control what system calls will be intercepted by LXD and processed with elevated permissions.

container_disk_shift

Adds the shift property on disk devices which controls the use of the idmapped mounts overlay.

storage_shifted

Introduces a new security.shifted Boolean on storage volumes.

Setting it to true will allow multiple isolated containers to attach the same storage volume while keeping the file system writable from all of them.

This makes use of idmapped mounts as an overlay file system.

resources_infiniband

Export InfiniBand character device information (issm, umad, uverb) as part of the resources API.

daemon_storage

This introduces two new configuration keys storage.images_volume and storage.backups_volume to allow for a storage volume on an existing pool be used for storing the daemon-wide images and backups artifacts.

instances

This introduces the concept of instances, of which currently the only type is container.

image_types

This introduces support for a new Type field on images, indicating what type of images they are.

resources_disk_sata

Extends the disk resource API struct to include:

• Proper detection of SATA devices (type)

• Device path

• Drive RPM

• Block size

• Firmware version

• Serial number

clustering_roles

This adds a new roles attribute to cluster entries, exposing a list of roles that the member serves in the cluster.

images_expiry

This allows for editing of the expiry date on images.

resources_network_firmware

Adds a FirmwareVersion field to network card entries.

backup_compression_algorithm

This adds support for a compression_algorithm property when creating a backup (POST /1.0/containers/<name>/backups).

Setting this property overrides the server default value (backups.compression_algorithm).

ceph_data_pool_name

This adds support for an optional argument (ceph.osd.data_pool_name) when creating storage pools using Ceph RBD, when this argument is used the pool will store it’s actual data in the pool specified with data_pool_name while keeping the metadata in the pool specified by pool_name.

container_syscall_intercept_mount

Adds the security.syscalls.intercept.mount, security.syscalls.intercept.mount.allowed, and security.syscalls.intercept.mount.shift configuration keys to control whether and how the mount system call will be intercepted by LXD and processed with elevated permissions.

compression_squashfs

Adds support for importing/exporting of images/backups using SquashFS file system format.

container_raw_mount

This adds support for passing in raw mount options for disk devices.

container_nic_routed

This introduces the routed nic device type.

container_syscall_intercept_mount_fuse

Adds the security.syscalls.intercept.mount.fuse key. It can be used to redirect file-system mounts to their fuse implementation. To this end, set e.g. security.syscalls.intercept.mount.fuse=ext4=fuse2fs.

container_disk_ceph

This allows for existing a Ceph RBD or CephFS to be directly connected to a LXD container.

virtual-machines

Add virtual machine support.

image_profiles

Allows a list of profiles to be applied to an image when launching a new container.

clustering_architecture

This adds a new architecture attribute to cluster members which indicates a cluster member’s architecture.

resources_disk_id

Add a new device_id field in the disk entries on the resources API.

storage_lvm_stripes

This adds the ability to use LVM stripes on normal volumes and thin pool volumes.

vm_boot_priority

Adds a boot.priority property on NIC and disk devices to control the boot order.

unix_hotplug_devices

Adds support for Unix char and block device hotplugging.

api_filtering

Adds support for filtering the result of a GET request for instances and images.

instance_nic_network

Adds support for the network property on a NIC device to allow a NIC to be linked to a managed network. This allows it to inherit some of the network’s settings and allows better validation of IP settings.

clustering_sizing

Support specifying a custom values for database voters and standbys. The new cluster.max_voters and cluster.max_standby configuration keys were introduced to specify to the ideal number of database voter and standbys.

firewall_driver

Adds the Firewall property to the ServerEnvironment struct indicating the firewall driver being used.

storage_lvm_vg_force_reuse

Introduces the ability to create a storage pool from an existing non-empty volume group. This option should be used with care, as LXD can then not guarantee that volume name conflicts won’t occur with non-LXD created volumes in the same volume group. This could also potentially lead to LXD deleting a non-LXD volume should name conflicts occur.

container_syscall_intercept_hugetlbfs

When mount syscall interception is enabled and hugetlbfs is specified as an allowed file system type LXD will mount a separate hugetlbfs instance for the container with the UID and GID mount options set to the container’s root UID and GID. This ensures that processes in the container can use huge pages.

limits_hugepages

This allows to limit the number of huge pages a container can use through the hugetlb cgroup. This means the hugetlb cgroup needs to be available. Note, that limiting huge pages is recommended when intercepting the mount syscall for the hugetlbfs file system to avoid allowing the container to exhaust the host’s huge pages resources.

container_nic_routed_gateway

This introduces the ipv4.gateway and ipv6.gateway NIC configuration keys that can take a value of either auto or none. The default value for the key if unspecified is auto. This will cause the current behavior of a default gateway being added inside the container and the same gateway address being added to the host-side interface. If the value is set to none then no default gateway nor will the address be added to the host-side interface. This allows multiple routed NIC devices to be added to a container.

projects_restrictions

This introduces support for the restricted configuration key on project, which can prevent the use of security-sensitive features in a project.

custom_volume_snapshot_expiry

This allows custom volume snapshots to expiry. Expiry dates can be set individually, or by setting the snapshots.expiry configuration key on the parent custom volume which then automatically applies to all created snapshots.

volume_snapshot_scheduling

This adds support for custom volume snapshot scheduling. It introduces two new configuration keys: snapshots.schedule and snapshots.pattern. Snapshots can be created automatically up to every minute.

trust_ca_certificates

This allows for checking client certificates trusted by the provided CA (server.ca). It can be enabled by setting core.trust_ca_certificates to true. If enabled, it will perform the check, and bypass the trusted password if true. An exception will be made if the connecting client certificate is in the provided CRL (ca.crl). In this case, it will ask for the password.

snapshot_disk_usage

This adds a new size field to the output of /1.0/instances/<name>/snapshots/<snapshot> which represents the disk usage of the snapshot.

clustering_edit_roles

This adds a writable endpoint for cluster members, allowing the editing of their roles.

container_nic_routed_host_address

This introduces the ipv4.host_address and ipv6.host_address NIC configuration keys that can be used to control the host-side veth interface’s IP addresses. This can be useful when using multiple routed NICs at the same time and needing a predictable next-hop address to use.

This also alters the behavior of ipv4.gateway and ipv6.gateway NIC configuration keys. When they are set to auto the container will have its default gateway set to the value of ipv4.host_address or ipv6.host_address respectively.

The default values are:

ipv4.host_address: 169.254.0.1 ipv6.host_address: fe80::1

This is backward compatible with the previous default behavior.

container_nic_ipvlan_gateway

This introduces the ipv4.gateway and ipv6.gateway NIC configuration keys that can take a value of either auto or none. The default value for the key if unspecified is auto. This will cause the current behavior of a default gateway being added inside the container and the same gateway address being added to the host-side interface. If the value is set to none then no default gateway nor will the address be added to the host-side interface. This allows multiple IPVLAN NIC devices to be added to a container.

resources_usb_pci

This adds USB and PCI devices to the output of /1.0/resources.

resources_cpu_threads_numa

This indicates that the numa_node field is now recorded per-thread rather than per core as some hardware apparently puts threads in different NUMA domains.

resources_cpu_core_die

Exposes the die_id information on each core.

api_os

This introduces two new fields in /1.0, os and os_version.

Those are taken from the OS-release data on the system.

container_nic_routed_host_table

This introduces the ipv4.host_table and ipv6.host_table NIC configuration keys that can be used to add static routes for the instance’s IPs to a custom policy routing table by ID.

container_nic_ipvlan_host_table

This introduces the ipv4.host_table and ipv6.host_table NIC configuration keys that can be used to add static routes for the instance’s IPs to a custom policy routing table by ID.

container_nic_ipvlan_mode

This introduces the mode NIC configuration key that can be used to switch the ipvlan mode into either l2 or l3s. If not specified, the default value is l3s (which is the old behavior).

In l2 mode the ipv4.address and ipv6.address keys will accept addresses in either CIDR or singular formats. If singular format is used, the default subnet size is taken to be /24 and /64 for IPv4 and IPv6 respectively.

In l2 mode the ipv4.gateway and ipv6.gateway keys accept only a singular IP address.

resources_system

This adds system information to the output of /1.0/resources.

images_push_relay

This adds the push and relay modes to image copy. It also introduces the following new endpoint:

• POST 1.0/images/<fingerprint>/export

network_dns_search

This introduces the dns.search configuration option on networks.

container_nic_routed_limits

This introduces limits.ingress, limits.egress and limits.max for routed NICs.

instance_nic_bridged_vlan

This introduces the vlan and vlan.tagged settings for bridged NICs.

vlan specifies the non-tagged VLAN to join, and vlan.tagged is a comma-delimited list of tagged VLANs to join.

network_state_bond_bridge

This adds a bridge and bond section to the /1.0/networks/NAME/state API.

Those contain additional state information relevant to those particular types.

Bond:

• Mode

• Transmit hash

• Up delay

• Down delay

• MII frequency

• MII state

• Lower devices

Bridge:

• ID

• Forward delay

• STP mode

• Default VLAN

• VLAN filtering

• Upper devices

resources_cpu_isolated

Add an Isolated property on CPU threads to indicate if the thread is physically Online but is configured not to accept tasks.

usedby_consistency

This extension indicates that UsedBy should now be consistent with suitable ?project= and ?target= when appropriate.

The 5 entities that have UsedBy are:

• Profiles

• Projects

• Networks

• Storage pools

• Storage volumes

custom_block_volumes

This adds support for creating and attaching custom block volumes to instances. It introduces the new --type flag when creating custom storage volumes, and accepts the values fs and block.

clustering_failure_domains

This extension adds a new failure_domain field to the PUT /1.0/cluster/<node> API, which can be used to set the failure domain of a node.

container_syscall_filtering_allow_deny_syntax

A number of new syscalls related container configuration keys were updated.

• security.syscalls.deny_default

• security.syscalls.deny_compat

• security.syscalls.deny

• security.syscalls.allow

Support for the offensively named variants was removed.

resources_gpu_mdev

Expose available mediated device profiles and devices in /1.0/resources.

console_vga_type

This extends the /1.0/console endpoint to take a ?type= argument, which can be set to console (default) or vga (the new type added by this extension).

When doing a POST to /1.0/<instance name>/console?type=vga the data WebSocket returned by the operation in the metadata field will be a bidirectional proxy attached to a SPICE Unix socket of the target virtual machine.

projects_limits_disk

Add limits.disk to the available project configuration keys. If set, it limits the total amount of disk space that instances volumes, custom volumes and images volumes can use in the project.

network_type_macvlan

Adds support for additional network type macvlan and adds parent configuration key for this network type to specify which parent interface should be used for creating NIC device interfaces on top of.

Also adds network configuration key support for macvlan NICs to allow them to specify the associated network of the same type that they should use as the basis for the NIC device.

network_type_sriov

Adds support for additional network type sriov and adds parent configuration key for this network type to specify which parent interface should be used for creating NIC device interfaces on top of.

Also adds network configuration key support for sriov NICs to allow them to specify the associated network of the same type that they should use as the basis for the NIC device.

container_syscall_intercept_bpf_devices

This adds support to intercept the bpf syscall in containers. Specifically, it allows to manage device cgroup bpf programs.

network_type_ovn

Adds support for additional network type ovn with the ability to specify a bridge type network as the parent.

Introduces a new NIC device type of ovn which allows the network configuration key to specify which ovn type network they should connect to.

Also introduces two new global configuration keys that apply to all ovn networks and NIC devices:

• network.ovn.integration_bridge - the OVS integration bridge to use.

• network.ovn.northbound_connection - the OVN northbound database connection string.

projects_networks

Adds the features.networks configuration key to projects and the ability for a project to hold networks.

projects_networks_restricted_uplinks

Adds the restricted.networks.uplinks project configuration key to indicate (as a comma-delimited list) which networks the networks created inside the project can use as their uplink network.

custom_volume_backup

Add custom volume backup support.

This includes the following new endpoints (see RESTful API for details):

• GET /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/<type>/<volume>/backups

• POST /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/<type>/<volume>/backups

• GET /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/<type>/<volume>/backups/<name>

• POST /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/<type>/<volume>/backups/<name>

• DELETE /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/<type>/<volume>/backups/<name>

• GET /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/<type>/<volume>/backups/<name>/export

The following existing endpoint has been modified:

• POST /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/<type>/<volume> accepts the new source type backup

backup_override_name

Adds Name field to InstanceBackupArgs to allow specifying a different instance name when restoring a backup.

Adds Name and PoolName fields to StoragePoolVolumeBackupArgs to allow specifying a different volume name when restoring a custom volume backup.

storage_rsync_compression

Adds rsync.compression configuration key to storage pools. This key can be used to disable compression in rsync while migrating storage pools.

network_type_physical

Adds support for additional network type physical that can be used as an uplink for ovn networks.

The interface specified by parent on the physical network will be connected to the ovn network’s gateway.

network_ovn_external_subnets

Adds support for ovn networks to use external subnets from uplink networks.

Introduces the ipv4.routes and ipv6.routes setting on physical networks that defines the external routes allowed to be used in child OVN networks in their ipv4.routes.external and ipv6.routes.external settings.

Introduces the restricted.networks.subnets project setting that specifies which external subnets are allowed to be used by OVN networks inside the project (if not set then all routes defined on the uplink network are allowed).

network_ovn_nat

Adds support for ipv4.nat and ipv6.nat settings on ovn networks.

When creating the network if these settings are unspecified, and an equivalent IP address is being generated for the subnet, then the appropriate NAT setting will added set to true.

If the setting is missing then the value is taken as false.

network_ovn_external_routes_remove

Removes the settings ipv4.routes.external and ipv6.routes.external from ovn networks.

The equivalent settings on the ovn NIC type can be used instead for this, rather than having to specify them both at the network and NIC level.

tpm_device_type

This introduces the tpm device type.

storage_zfs_clone_copy_rebase

This introduces rebase as a value for zfs.clone_copy causing LXD to track down any image dataset in the ancestry line and then perform send/receive on top of that.

gpu_mdev

This adds support for virtual GPUs. It introduces the mdev configuration key for GPU devices which takes a supported mdev type, e.g. i915-GVTg_V5_4.

resources_pci_iommu

This adds the IOMMUGroup field for PCI entries in the resources API.

resources_network_usb

Adds the usb_address field to the network card entries in the resources API.

resources_disk_address

Adds the usb_address and pci_address fields to the disk entries in the resources API.

network_physical_ovn_ingress_mode

Adds ovn.ingress_mode setting for physical networks.

Sets the method that OVN NIC external IPs will be advertised on uplink network.

Either l2proxy (proxy ARP/NDP) or routed.

network_ovn_dhcp

Adds ipv4.dhcp and ipv6.dhcp settings for ovn networks.

Allows DHCP (and RA for IPv6) to be disabled. Defaults to on.

network_physical_routes_anycast

Adds ipv4.routes.anycast and ipv6.routes.anycast Boolean settings for physical networks. Defaults to false.

Allows OVN networks using physical network as uplink to relax external subnet/route overlap detection when used with ovn.ingress_mode set to routed.

projects_limits_instances

Adds limits.instances to the available project configuration keys. If set, it limits the total number of instances (VMs and containers) that can be used in the project.

network_state_vlan

This adds a vlan section to the /1.0/networks/NAME/state API.

Those contain additional state information relevant to VLAN interfaces:

• lower_device

• vid

instance_nic_bridged_port_isolation

This adds the security.port_isolation field for bridged NIC instances.

instance_bulk_state_change

Adds the following endpoint for bulk state change (see RESTful API for details):

• PUT /1.0/instances

network_gvrp

This adds an optional gvrp property to macvlan and physical networks, and to ipvlan, macvlan, routed and physical NIC devices.

When set, this specifies whether the VLAN should be registered using GARP VLAN Registration Protocol. Defaults to false.

instance_pool_move

This adds a pool field to the POST /1.0/instances/NAME API, allowing for easy move of an instance root disk between pools.

gpu_sriov

This adds support for SR-IOV enabled GPUs. It introduces the sriov GPU type property.

pci_device_type

This introduces the pci device type.

storage_volume_state

Add new /1.0/storage-pools/POOL/volumes/VOLUME/state API endpoint to get usage data on a volume.

network_acl

This adds the concept of network ACLs to API under the API endpoint prefix /1.0/network-acls.

migration_stateful

Add a new migration.stateful configuration key.

disk_state_quota

This introduces the size.state device configuration key on disk devices.

storage_ceph_features

Adds a new ceph.rbd.features configuration key on storage pools to control the RBD features used for new volumes.

projects_compression

Adds new backups.compression_algorithm and images.compression_algorithm configuration keys which allows configuration of backup and image compression per-project.

projects_images_remote_cache_expiry

Add new images.remote_cache_expiry configuration key to projects, allowing for set number of days after which an unused cached remote image will be flushed.

certificate_project

Adds a new restricted property to certificates in the API as well as projects holding a list of project names that the certificate has access to.

network_ovn_acl

Adds a new security.acls property to OVN networks and OVN NICs, allowing Network ACLs to be applied.

projects_images_auto_update

Adds new images.auto_update_cached and images.auto_update_interval configuration keys which allows configuration of images auto update in projects

projects_restricted_cluster_target

Adds new restricted.cluster.target configuration key to project which prevent the user from using –target to specify what cluster member to place a workload on or the ability to move a workload between members.

images_default_architecture

Adds new images.default_architecture global configuration key and matching per-project key which lets user tell LXD what architecture to go with when no specific one is specified as part of the image request.

network_ovn_acl_defaults

Adds new security.acls.default.{in,e}gress.action and security.acls.default.{in,e}gress.logged configuration keys for OVN networks and NICs. This replaces the removed ACL default.action and default.logged keys.

gpu_mig

This adds support for NVIDIA MIG. It introduces the mig GPU type and associated configuration keys.

project_usage

Adds an API endpoint to get current resource allocations in a project. Accessible at API GET /1.0/projects/<name>/state.

network_bridge_acl

Adds a new security.acls configuration key to bridge networks, allowing Network ACLs to be applied.

Also adds security.acls.default.{in,e}gress.action and security.acls.default.{in,e}gress.logged configuration keys for specifying the default behavior for unmatched traffic.

warnings

Warning API for LXD.

This includes the following endpoints (see Restful API for details):

• GET /1.0/warnings

• GET /1.0/warnings/<uuid>

• PUT /1.0/warnings/<uuid>

• DELETE /1.0/warnings/<uuid>

projects_restricted_backups_and_snapshots

Adds new restricted.backups and restricted.snapshots configuration keys to project which prevents the user from creation of backups and snapshots.

clustering_join_token

Adds POST /1.0/cluster/members API endpoint for requesting a join token used when adding new cluster members without using the trust password.

clustering_description

Adds an editable description to the cluster members.

server_trusted_proxy

This introduces support for core.https_trusted_proxy which has LXD parse a HAProxy style connection header on such connections and if present, will rewrite the request’s source address to that provided by the proxy server.

clustering_update_cert

Adds PUT /1.0/cluster/certificate endpoint for updating the cluster certificate across the whole cluster

storage_api_project

This adds support for copy/move custom storage volumes between projects.

server_instance_driver_operational

This modifies the driver output for the /1.0 endpoint to only include drivers which are actually supported and operational on the server (as opposed to being included in LXD but not operational on the server).

server_supported_storage_drivers

This adds supported storage driver info to server environment info.

event_lifecycle_requestor_address

Adds a new address field to lifecycle requestor.

resources_gpu_usb

Add a new USBAddress (usb_address) field to ResourcesGPUCard (GPU entries) in the resources API.

clustering_evacuation

Adds POST /1.0/cluster/members/<name>/state endpoint for evacuating and restoring cluster members. It also adds the configuration keys cluster.evacuate and volatile.evacuate.origin for setting the evacuation method (auto, stop or migrate) and the origin of any migrated instance respectively.

network_ovn_nat_address

This introduces the ipv4.nat.address and ipv6.nat.address configuration keys for LXD ovn networks. Those keys control the source address used for outbound traffic from the OVN virtual network. These keys can only be specified when the OVN network’s uplink network has ovn.ingress_mode set to routed.

network_bgp

This introduces support for LXD acting as a BGP router to advertise routes to bridge and ovn networks.

This comes with the addition to global configuration of:

• core.bgp_address

• core.bgp_asn

• core.bgp_routerid

The following network configurations keys (bridge and physical):

• bgp.peers.<name>.address

• bgp.peers.<name>.asn

• bgp.peers.<name>.password

The nexthop configuration keys (bridge):

• bgp.ipv4.nexthop

• bgp.ipv6.nexthop

And the following NIC-specific configuration keys (bridged NIC type):

• ipv4.routes.external

• ipv6.routes.external

network_forward

This introduces the networking address forward functionality. Allowing for bridge and ovn networks to define external IP addresses that can be forwarded to internal IP(s) inside their respective networks.

custom_volume_refresh

Adds support for refresh during volume migration.

network_counters_errors_dropped

This adds the received and sent errors as well as inbound and outbound dropped packets to the network counters.

metrics

This adds metrics to LXD. It returns metrics of running instances using the OpenMetrics format.

This includes the following endpoints:

• GET /1.0/metrics

image_source_project

Adds a new project field to POST /1.0/images allowing for the source project to be set at image copy time.

clustering_config

Adds new config property to cluster members with configurable key/value pairs.

network_peer

This adds network peering to allow traffic to flow between OVN networks without leaving the OVN subsystem.

linux_sysctl

Adds new linux.sysctl.* configuration keys allowing users to modify certain kernel parameters within containers.

network_dns

Introduces a built-in DNS server and zones API to provide DNS records for LXD instances.

This introduces the following server configuration key:

• core.dns_address

The following network configuration key:

• dns.zone.forward

• dns.zone.reverse.ipv4

• dns.zone.reverse.ipv6

And the following project configuration key:

• restricted.networks.zones

A new REST API is also introduced to manage DNS zones:

• /1.0/network-zones (GET, POST)

• /1.0/network-zones/<name> (GET, PUT, PATCH, DELETE)

ovn_nic_acceleration

Adds new acceleration configuration key to OVN NICs which can be used for enabling hardware offloading. It takes the values none or sriov.

certificate_self_renewal

This adds support for renewing a client’s own trust certificate.

instance_project_move

This adds a project field to the POST /1.0/instances/NAME API, allowing for easy move of an instance between projects.

storage_volume_project_move

This adds support for moving storage volume between projects.

cloud_init

This adds a new cloud-init configuration key namespace which contains the following keys:

• cloud-init.vendor-data

• cloud-init.user-data

• cloud-init.network-config

It also adds a new endpoint /1.0/devices to devlxd which shows an instance’s devices.

network_dns_nat

This introduces network.nat as a configuration option on network zones (DNS).

It defaults to the current behavior of generating records for all instances NICs but if set to false, it will instruct LXD to only generate records for externally reachable addresses.

database_leader

Adds new database-leader role which is assigned to cluster leader.

instance_all_projects

This adds support for displaying instances from all projects.

clustering_groups

Add support for grouping cluster members.

This introduces the following new endpoints:

• /1.0/cluster/groups (GET, POST)

• /1.0/cluster/groups/<name> (GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE)

The following project restriction is added:

• restricted.cluster.groups

ceph_rbd_du

Adds a new ceph.rbd.du Boolean on Ceph storage pools which allows disabling the use of the potentially slow rbd du calls.

instance_get_full

This introduces a new recursion=1 mode for GET /1.0/instances/{name} which allows for the retrieval of all instance structs, including the state, snapshots and backup structs.

qemu_metrics

This adds a new security.agent.metrics Boolean which defaults to true. When set to false, it doesn’t connect to the lxd-agent for metrics and other state information, but relies on stats from QEMU.

gpu_mig_uuid

Adds support for the new MIG UUID format used by NVIDIA 470+ drivers (for example, MIG-74c6a31a-fde5-5c61-973b-70e12346c202), the MIG- prefix can be omitted

This extension supersedes old mig.gi and mig.ci parameters which are kept for compatibility with old drivers and cannot be set together.

event_project

Expose the project an API event belongs to.

clustering_evacuation_live

This adds live-migrate as a configuration option to cluster.evacuate, which forces live-migration of instances during cluster evacuation.

instance_allow_inconsistent_copy

Adds allow_inconsistent field to instance source on POST /1.0/instances. If true, rsync will ignore the Partial transfer due to vanished source files (code 24) error when creating an instance from a copy.

network_state_ovn

This adds an ovn section to the /1.0/networks/NAME/state API which contains additional state information relevant to OVN networks:

• chassis

storage_volume_api_filtering

Adds support for filtering the result of a GET request for storage volumes.

image_restrictions

This extension adds on to the image properties to include image restrictions/host requirements. These requirements help determine the compatibility between an instance and the host system.

storage_zfs_export

Introduces the ability to disable zpool export when unmounting pool by setting zfs.export.

network_dns_records

This extends the network zones (DNS) API to add the ability to create and manage custom records.

This adds:

• GET /1.0/network-zones/ZONE/records

• POST /1.0/network-zones/ZONE/records

• GET /1.0/network-zones/ZONE/records/RECORD

• PUT /1.0/network-zones/ZONE/records/RECORD

• PATCH /1.0/network-zones/ZONE/records/RECORD

• DELETE /1.0/network-zones/ZONE/records/RECORD

storage_zfs_reserve_space

Adds ability to set the reservation/refreservation ZFS property along with quota/refquota.

network_acl_log

Adds a new GET /1.0/networks-acls/NAME/log API to retrieve ACL firewall logs.

storage_zfs_blocksize

Introduces a new zfs.blocksize property for ZFS storage volumes which allows to set volume block size.

metrics_cpu_seconds

This is used to detect whether LXD was fixed to output used CPU time in seconds rather than as milliseconds.

instance_snapshot_never

Adds a @never option to snapshots.schedule which allows disabling inheritance.

certificate_token

This adds token-based certificate addition to the trust store as a safer alternative to a trust password.

It adds the token field to POST /1.0/certificates.

instance_nic_routed_neighbor_probe

This adds the ability to disable the routed NIC IP neighbor probing for availability on the parent network.

Adds the ipv4.neighbor_probe and ipv6.neighbor_probe NIC settings. Defaulting to true if not specified.

event_hub

This adds support for event-hub cluster member role and the ServerEventMode environment field.

agent_nic_config

If set to true, on VM start-up the lxd-agent will apply NIC configuration to change the names and MTU of the instance NIC devices.

projects_restricted_intercept

Adds new restricted.containers.interception configuration key to allow usually safe system call interception options.

metrics_authentication

Introduces a new core.metrics_authentication server configuration option to allow for the /1.0/metrics endpoint to be generally available without client authentication.

images_target_project

Adds ability to copy image to a project different from the source.

cluster_migration_inconsistent_copy

Adds allow_inconsistent field to POST /1.0/instances/<name>. Set to true to allow inconsistent copying between cluster members.

cluster_ovn_chassis

Introduces a new ovn-chassis cluster role which allows for specifying what cluster member should act as an OVN chassis.

container_syscall_intercept_sched_setscheduler

Adds the security.syscalls.intercept.sched_setscheduler to allow advanced process priority management in containers.

storage_lvm_thinpool_metadata_size

Introduces the ability to specify the thin pool metadata volume size via lvm.thinpool_metadata_size.

If this is not specified then the default is to let LVM pick an appropriate thin pool metadata volume size.

storage_volume_state_total

This adds total field to the GET /1.0/storage-pools/{name}/volumes/{type}/{volume}/state API.

instance_file_head

Implements HEAD on /1.0/instances/NAME/file.

instances_nic_host_name

This introduces the instances.nic.host_name server configuration key that can take a value of either random or mac. The default value for the key if unspecified is random. If it is set to random then use the random host interface names. If it’s set to mac, then generate a name in the form lxd1122334455.

image_copy_profile

Adds ability to modify the set of profiles when image is copied.

container_syscall_intercept_sysinfo

Adds the security.syscalls.intercept.sysinfo to allow the sysinfo syscall to be populated with cgroup-based resource usage information.

clustering_evacuation_mode

This introduces a mode field to the evacuation request which allows for overriding the evacuation mode traditionally set through cluster.evacuate.

resources_pci_vpd

Adds a new VPD struct to the PCI resource entries. This struct extracts vendor provided data including the full product name and additional key/value configuration pairs.

qemu_raw_conf

Introduces a raw.qemu.conf configuration key to override select sections of the generated qemu.conf.

storage_cephfs_fscache

Add support for fscache/cachefilesd on CephFS pools through a new cephfs.fscache configuration option.

network_load_balancer

This introduces the networking load balancer functionality. Allowing ovn networks to define port(s) on external IP addresses that can be forwarded to one or more internal IP(s) inside their respective networks.

vsock_api

This introduces a bidirectional vsock interface which allows the lxd-agent and the LXD server to communicate better.

instance_ready_state

This introduces a new Ready state for instances which can be set using devlxd.

network_bgp_holdtime

This introduces a new bgp.peers.<name>.holdtime configuration key to control the BGP hold time for a particular peer.

storage_volumes_all_projects

This introduces the ability to list storage volumes from all projects.

metrics_memory_oom_total

This introduces a new lxd_memory_OOM_kills_total metric to the /1.0/metrics API. It reports the number of times the out of memory killer (OOM) has been triggered.

storage_buckets

This introduces the storage bucket API. It allows the management of S3 object storage buckets for storage pools.

storage_buckets_create_credentials

This updates the storage bucket API to return initial admin credentials at bucket creation time.

metrics_cpu_effective_total

This introduces a new lxd_cpu_effective_total metric to the /1.0/metrics API. It reports the total number of effective CPUs.

projects_networks_restricted_access

Adds the restricted.networks.access project configuration key to indicate (as a comma-delimited list) which networks can be accessed inside the project. If not specified, all networks are accessible (assuming it is also allowed by the restricted.devices.nic setting, described below).

This also introduces a change whereby network access is controlled by the project’s restricted.devices.nic setting:

• If restricted.devices.nic is set to managed (the default if not specified), only managed networks are accessible.

• If restricted.devices.nic is set to allow, all networks are accessible (dependent on the restricted.networks.access setting).

• If restricted.devices.nic is set to block, no networks are accessible.

storage_buckets_local

This introduces the ability to use storage buckets on local storage pools by setting the new core.storage_buckets_address global configuration setting.

loki

This adds support for sending life cycle and logging events to a Loki server.

It adds the following global configuration keys:

• loki.api.ca_cert: CA certificate which can be used when sending events to the Loki server

• loki.api.url: URL to the Loki server (protocol, name or IP and port)

• loki.auth.username and loki.auth.password: Used if Loki is behind a reverse proxy with basic authentication enabled

• loki.labels: Comma-separated list of values which are to be used as labels for Loki events.

• loki.loglevel: Minimum log level for events sent to the Loki server.

• loki.types: Types of events which are to be sent to the Loki server (lifecycle and/or logging).

acme

This adds ACME support, which allows Let’s Encrypt or other ACME services to issue certificates.

It adds the following global configuration keys:

• acme.domain: The domain for which the certificate should be issued.

• acme.email: The email address used for the account of the ACME service.

• acme.ca_url: The directory URL of the ACME service, defaults to https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory.

It also adds the following endpoint, which is required for the HTTP-01 challenge:

• /.well-known/acme-challenge/<token>

internal_metrics

This adds internal metrics to the list of metrics. These include:

• Total running operations

• Total active warnings

• Daemon uptime in seconds

• Go memory stats

• Number of goroutines

cluster_join_token_expiry

This adds an expiry to cluster join tokens which defaults to 3 hours, but can be changed by setting the cluster.join_token_expiry configuration key.

remote_token_expiry

This adds an expiry to remote add join tokens. It can be set in the core.remote_token_expiry configuration key, and default to no expiry.

storage_volumes_created_at

This change adds support for storing the creation date and time of storage volumes and their snapshots.

This adds the CreatedAt field to the StorageVolume and StorageVolumeSnapshot API types.

cpu_hotplug

This adds CPU hotplugging for VMs. Hotplugging is disabled when using CPU pinning, because this would require hotplugging NUMA devices as well, which is not possible.

projects_networks_zones

This adds support for the features.networks.zones project feature, which changes which project network zones are associated with when they are created. Previously network zones were tied to the value of features.networks, meaning they were created in the same project as networks were.

Now this has been decoupled from features.networks to allow projects that share a network in the default project (i.e those with features.networks=false) to have their own project level DNS zones that give a project oriented “view” of the addresses on that shared network (which only includes addresses from instances in their project).

This also introduces a change to the network dns.zone.forward setting, which now accepts a comma-separated of DNS zone names (a maximum of one per project) in order to associate a shared network with multiple zones.

No change to the dns.zone.reverse.* settings have been made, they still only allow a single DNS zone to be set. However the resulting zone content that is generated now includes PTR records covering addresses from all projects that are referencing that network via one of their forward zones.

Existing projects that have features.networks=true will have features.networks.zones=true set automatically, but new projects will need to specify this explicitly.

instance_nic_txqueuelength

Adds a txqueuelen key to control the txqueuelen parameter of the NIC device.

cluster_member_state

Adds GET /1.0/cluster/members/<member>/state API endpoint and associated ClusterMemberState API response type.

instances_placement_scriptlet

Adds support for a Starlark scriptlet to be provided to LXD to allow customized logic that controls placement of new instances in a cluster.

The Starlark scriptlet is provided to LXD via the new global configuration option instances.placement.scriptlet.

storage_pool_source_wipe

Adds support for a source.wipe Boolean on the storage pool, indicating that LXD should wipe partition headers off the requested disk rather than potentially fail due to pre-existing file systems.

zfs_block_mode

This adds support for using ZFS block filesystem volumes allowing the use of different file systems on top of ZFS.

This adds the following new configuration options for ZFS storage pools:

• volume.zfs.block_mode

• volume.block.mount_options

• volume.block.filesystem

instance_generation_id

Adds support for instance generation ID. The VM or container generation ID will change whenever the instance’s place in time moves backwards. As of now, the generation ID is only exposed through to VM type instances. This allows for the VM guest OS to reinitialize any state it needs to avoid duplicating potential state that has already occurred:

• volatile.uuid.generation

disk_io_cache

This introduces a new io.cache property to disk devices which can be used to override the VM caching behavior.

amd_sev

Adds support for AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization) that can be used to encrypt the memory of a guest VM.

This adds the following new configuration options for SEV encryption:

• security.sev : (bool) is SEV enabled for this VM

• security.sev.policy.es : (bool) is SEV-ES enabled for this VM

• security.sev.session.dh : (string) guest owner’s base64-encoded Diffie-Hellman key

• security.sev.session.data : (string) guest owner’s base64-encoded session blob

storage_pool_loop_resize

This allows growing loop file backed storage pools by changing the size setting of the pool.

migration_vm_live

This adds support for performing VM QEMU to QEMU live migration for both shared storage (clustered Ceph) and non-shared storage pools.

This also adds the CRIUType_VM_QEMU value of 3 for the migration CRIUType protobuf field.

ovn_nic_nesting

This adds support for nesting an ovn NIC inside another ovn NIC on the same instance. This allows for an OVN logical switch port to be tunneled inside another OVN NIC using VLAN tagging.

This feature is configured by specifying the parent NIC name using the nested property and the VLAN ID to use for tunneling with the vlan property.

oidc

This adds support for OpenID Connect (OIDC) authentication.

This adds the following new configuration keys:

• oidc.issuer

• oidc.client.id

• oidc.audience

network_ovn_l3only

This adds the ability to set an ovn network into “layer 3 only” mode. This mode can be enabled at IPv4 or IPv6 level using ipv4.l3only and ipv6.l3only configuration options respectively.

With this mode enabled the following changes are made to the network:

• The virtual router’s internal port address will be configured with a single host netmask (e.g. /32 for IPv4 or /128 for IPv6).

• Static routes for active instance NIC addresses will be added to the virtual router.

• A discard route for the entire internal subnet will be added to the virtual router to prevent packets destined for inactive addresses from escaping to the uplink network.

• The DHCPv4 server will be configured to indicate that a netmask of 255.255.255.255 be used for instance configuration.

ovn_nic_acceleration_vdpa

This updates the ovn_nic_acceleration API extension. The acceleration configuration key for OVN NICs can now takes the value vdpa to support Virtual Data Path Acceleration (VDPA).

cluster_healing

This adds cluster healing which automatically evacuates offline cluster members.

This adds the following new configuration key:

• cluster.healing_threshold

The configuration key takes an integer, and can be disabled by setting it to 0 (default). If set, the value represents the threshold after which an offline cluster member is to be evacuated. In case the value is lower than cluster.offline_threshold, that value will be used instead.

When the offline cluster member is evacuated, only remote-backed instances will be migrated. Local instances will be ignored as there is no way of migrating them once the cluster member is offline.

instances_state_total

This extension adds a new total field to InstanceStateDisk and InstanceStateMemory, both part of the instance’s state API.

auth_user

Add current user details to the main API endpoint.

This introduces:

• auth_user_name

• auth_user_method

security_csm

Introduce a new security.csm configuration key to control the use of CSM (Compatibility Support Module) to allow legacy operating systems to be run in LXD VMs.

instances_rebuild

This extension adds the ability to rebuild an instance with the same origin image, alternate image or as empty. A new POST /1.0/instances/<name>/rebuild?project=<project> API endpoint has been added as well as a new CLI command lxc rebuild.

numa_cpu_placement

This adds the possibility to place a set of CPUs in a desired set of NUMA nodes.

This adds the following new configuration key:

• limits.cpu.nodes : (string) comma-separated list of NUMA node IDs or NUMA node ID ranges to place the CPUs (chosen with a dynamic value of limits.cpu) in.

custom_volume_iso

This adds the possibility to import ISO images as custom storage volumes.

This adds the --type flag to lxc storage volume import.

network_allocations

This adds the possibility to list a LXD deployment’s network allocations.

Through the lxc network list-allocations command and the --project <PROJECT> | --all-projects flags, you can list all the used IP addresses, hardware addresses (for instances), resource URIs and whether it uses NAT for each instance, network, network forward and network load-balancer.

storage_api_remote_volume_snapshot_copy

This allows copying storage volume snapshots to and from remotes.

zfs_delegate

This implements a new zfs.delegate volume Boolean for volumes on a ZFS storage driver. When enabled and a suitable system is in use (requires ZFS 2.2 or higher), the ZFS dataset will be delegated to the container, allowing for its use through the zfs command line tool.

operations_get_query_all_projects

This introduces support for the all-projects query parameter for the GET API calls to both /1.0/operations and /1.0/operations?recursion=1. This parameter allows bypassing the project name filter.

metadata_configuration

Adds the GET /1.0/metadata/configuration API endpoint to retrieve the generated metadata configuration in a JSON format. The JSON structure adopts the structure "configs" > `ENTITY` > `ENTITY_SECTION` > "keys" > [<CONFIG_OPTION_0>, <CONFIG_OPTION_1>, ...]. Check the list of configuration options to see which configuration options are included.

syslog_socket

This introduces a syslog socket that can receive syslog formatted log messages. These can be viewed in the events API and lxc monitor, and can be forwarded to Loki. To enable this feature, set core.syslog_socket to true.

event_lifecycle_name_and_project

This adds the fields Name and Project to lifecycle events.

instances_nic_limits_priority

This introduces a new per-NIC limits.priority option that works with both cgroup1 and cgroup2 unlike the deprecated limits.network.priority instance setting, which only worked with cgroup1.

disk_initial_volume_configuration

This API extension provides the capability to set initial volume configurations for instance root devices. Initial volume configurations are prefixed with initial. and can be specified either through profiles or directly during instance initialization using the --device flag.

Note that these configuration are applied only at the time of instance creation and subsequent modifications have no effect on existing devices.

operation_wait

This API extension indicates that the /1.0/operations/{id}/wait endpoint exists on the server. This indicates to the client that the endpoint can be used to wait for an operation to complete rather than waiting for an operation event via the /1.0/events endpoint.

cluster_internal_custom_volume_copy

This extension adds support for copying and moving custom storage volumes within a cluster with a single API call. Calling POST /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/custom?target=<target> will copy the custom volume specified in the source part of the request. Calling POST /1.0/storage-pools/<pool>/custom/<volume>?target=<target> will move the custom volume from the source, specified in the source part of the request, to the target.

disk_io_bus

This introduces a new io.bus property to disk devices which can be used to override the bus the disk is attached to.

storage_cephfs_create_missing

This introduces the configuration keys cephfs.create_missing, cephfs.osd_pg_num, cephfs.meta_pool and cephfs.data_pool to be used when adding a cephfs storage pool to instruct LXD to create the necessary entities for the storage pool, if they do not exist.

instance_move_config

This API extension provides the ability to use flags --profile, --no-profile, --device, and --config when moving an instance between projects and/or storage pools.

ovn_ssl_config

This introduces new server configuration keys to provide the SSL CA and client key pair to access the OVN databases. The new configuration keys are network.ovn.ca_cert, network.ovn.client_cert and network.ovn.client_key.

init_preseed_storage_volumes

This API extension provides the ability to configure storage volumes in preseed init.

metrics_instances_count

This extends the metrics to include the containers and virtual machines counts. Instances are counted irrespective of their state.

server_instance_type_info

This API extension enables querying a server’s supported instance types. When querying the /1.0 endpoint, a new field named instance_types is added to the retrieved data. This field indicates which instance types are supported by the server.

resources_disk_mounted

Adds a mounted field to disk resources that LXD discovers on the system, reporting whether that disk or partition is mounted.

server_version_lts

The API extension adds indication whether the LXD version is an LTS release. This is indicated when command lxc version is executed or when /1.0 endpoint is queried.

oidc_groups_claim

This API extension enables setting an oidc.groups.claim configuration key. If OIDC authentication is configured and this claim is set, LXD will request this claim in the scope of OIDC flow. The value of the claim will be extracted and might be used to make authorization decisions.

loki_config_instance

Adds a new loki.instance server configuration key to customize the instance field in Loki events. This can be used to expose the name of the cluster rather than the individual system name sending the event as that’s usually already covered by the location field.

storage_volatile_uuid

Adds a new volatile.uuid configuration key to all storage volumes, snapshots and buckets. This information can be used by storage drivers as a separate identifier besides the name when working with volumes.

import_instance_devices

This API extension provides the ability to use flags --device when importing an instance to override instance’s devices.

instances_uefi_vars

This API extension indicates that the /1.0/instances/{name}/uefi-vars endpoint is supported on the server. This endpoint allows to get the full list of UEFI variables (HTTP method GET) or replace the entire set of UEFI variables (HTTP method PUT).

instances_migration_stateful

This API extension allows newly created VMs to have their migration.stateful configuration key automatically set through the new server-level configuration key instances.migration.stateful. If migration.stateful is already set at the profile or instance level then instances.migration.stateful is not applied.

access_management

Adds new APIs under /1.0/auth for viewing and managing identities, groups, and permissions. Adds an embedded OpenFGA authorization driver for enforcing fine-grained permissions.

Important

Prior to the addition of this extension, all OIDC clients were given full access to LXD (equivalent to Unix socket access). This extension revokes access to all OIDC clients. To regain access, a user must:

1. Make a call to the OIDC enabled LXD remote (e.g. lxc info) to ensure that their OIDC identity is added to the LXD database.

2. Create a group: lxc auth group create <group_name>

3. Grant the group a suitable permission. As all OIDC clients prior to this extension have had full access to LXD, the corresponding permission is admin on server. To grant this permission to your group, run: lxc auth group permission add <group_name> server admin

4. Add themselves to the group. To do this, run: lxc auth identity group add oidc/<email_address> <group_name>

Steps 2 to 4 above cannot be performed via OIDC authentication (access has been revoked). They must be performed by a sufficiently privileged user, either via Unix socket or unrestricted TLS client certificate.

For more information on access control for OIDC clients, see Fine-grained authorization.

vm_disk_io_limits

Adds the ability to limit disk I/O for virtual machines.

storage_volumes_all

This API extension adds support for listing storage volumes from all storage pools via /1.0/storage-volumes or /1.0/storage-volumes/{type} to filter by volume type. Also adds a pool field to storage volumes.

instances_files_modify_permissions

Adds the ability for POST /1.0/instances/{name}/files to modify the permissions of files that already exist via the X-LXD-modify-perm header.

X-LXD-modify-perm should be a comma-separated list of 0 or more of mode, uid, and gid.

image_restriction_nesting

This extension adds a new image restriction, requirements.nesting which when true indicates that an image cannot be run without nesting.

container_syscall_intercept_finit_module

Adds the linux.kernel_modules.load container configuration option. If the option is set to ondemand, the finit_modules() syscall is intercepted and a privileged user in the container’s user namespace can load the Linux kernel modules specified in the allow list linux.kernel_modules.

device_usb_serial

This adds new configuration keys serial, busnum and devnum for device type usb. The feature has been added to make it possible to distinguish between devices with identical vendorid and productid.

network_allocate_external_ips

Adds the ability to use an unspecified IPv4 (0.0.0.0) or IPv6 (::) address in the listen_address field of the request body for POST /1.0/networks/{networkName}/load-balancers and POST /1.0/networks/{networkName}/forwards. If an unspecified IP address is used, supported drivers will allocate an available listen address automatically. Allocation of external IP addresses is currently supported by the OVN network driver. The OVN driver will allocate IP addresses from the subnets specified in the uplink network’s ipv4.routes and ipv6.routes configuration options.

explicit_trust_token

Adds the ability to explicitly specify a trust token when creating a certificate and joining an existing cluster.

shared_custom_block_volumes

This adds a configuration key security.shared to custom block volumes. If unset or false, the custom block volume cannot be attached to multiple instances. This feature was added to prevent data loss which can happen when custom block volumes are attached to multiple instances at once.

instance_import_conversion

Adds the ability to convert images from different formats (e.g. VMDK or QCow2) into RAW image format and import them as LXD instances.

instance_create_start

Adds a start field to the POST /1.0/instances API which when set to true will have the instance automatically start upon creation.

In this scenario, the creation and startup is part of a single background operation.

instance_protection_start

Enables setting the security.protection.start field which prevents instances from being started if set to true.

devlxd_images_vm

Enables the security.devlxd.images configuration option for virtual machines. This controls the availability of a /1.0/images/FINGERPRINT/export API over devlxd. This can be used by a virtual machine running LXD to access raw images from the host.

disk_io_bus_virtio_blk

Adds a new virtio-blk value for io.bus on disk devices which allows for the attached disk to be connected to the virtio-blk bus.

metrics_api_requests

Adds the following internal metrics:

• Total completed requests

• Number of ongoing requests

projects_limits_disk_pool

This introduces per-pool project disk limits, introducing a limits.disk.pool.NAME configuration option to the project limits. When limits.disk.pool.POOLNAME: 0 for a project, the pool is excluded from lxc storage list in that project.

metadata_configuration_entity_types

This adds entity type metadata to GET /1.0/metadata/configuration. The entity type metadata is a JSON object under the entities key.

access_management_tls

Expands APIs under /1.0/auth to include:

1. Creation of fine-grained TLS identities, whose permissions are managed via group membership. This is performed via POST /1.0/auth/identities/tls. If the request body contains {"token": true}, a token will be returned that may be used by a non-authenticated caller to gain trust with the LXD server (the caller must send their certificate during the TLS handshake). If the request body contains {"certificate": "<base64 encoded x509 certificate>"}", the identity will be created directly. The request body may also specify an array of group names. The caller must have can_create_identities on server.

2. Deletion of OIDC and fine-grained TLS identities. This is performed via DELETE /1.0/auth/identities/tls/{nameOrFingerprint} or DELETE /1.0/auth/identities/oidc/{nameOrEmailAddress}. The caller must have can_delete on the identity. All identities may delete their own identity. For OIDC identities this revokes all access but does not revoke trust (authentication is performed by the identity provider). For fine-grained TLS identities, this revokes all access and revokes trust.

3. Functionality to update the certificate of a fine-grained TLS identity. This is performed via PUT /1.0/auth/identities/tls/{nameOrFingerprint} or PATCH /1.0/auth/identities/tls/{nameOrFingerprint}. The caller must provide a base64 encoded x509 certificate in the certificate field of the request body. Fine-grained TLS identities may update their own certificate. To update the certificate of another identity, the caller must have can_edit on the identity.

network_allocations_ovn_uplink

Includes OVN virtual routers external IPs to /1.0/network-allocations responses with the type uplink. Introduces the network field on each allocation, indicating to which network each allocated address belongs. And lastly, adds a project field on leases, leases can be retrieved via /1.0/networks/<network>/leases.

network_ovn_uplink_vlan

Adds support for using a bridge network with a specified VLAN ID as an OVN uplink.

state_logical_cpus

Adds logical_cpus field to GET /1.0/cluster/members/{name}/state which contains the total available logical CPUs available when LXD started.

vm_limits_cpu_pin_strategy

Adds a new limits.cpu.pin_strategy configuration option for virtual machines. This option controls the CPU pinning strategy. When set to none, CPU auto pinning is disabled. When set to auto, CPU auto pinning is enabled.

gpu_cdi

Adds support for using the Container Device Interface (CDI) specification to configure GPU passthrough in LXD containers. The id field of GPU devices now accepts CDI identifiers (for example, {VENDOR_DOMAIN_NAME}/gpu=gpu{INDEX}) for containers, in addition to DRM card IDs. This enables GPU passthrough for devices that don’t use PCI addressing (like NVIDIA Tegra iGPUs) and provides a more flexible way to identify and configure GPU devices.